Information

Related Research Units

Immunology Research
Carroll Laboratory Research
PCMM Research

Research Overview

The B cell receptor (BCR) is essential for survival of mature B cells and its specificity dictates the cells’ fate from early development through final differentiation into an effector or memory cell.  For example, immature B cells bearing a self-reactive BCR may be eliminated in the bone marrow (check-point I) or spleen (check point II).  Escape at either checkpoint could result in autoimmune disease.   A long-standing interest of the Carroll lab is how B cells encounter antigens, both self- and non-self, and how the local environment influences the outcome.

Antigens are“presented”to B cells in large part by follicular dendritic cells (FDC) via a pathway dependent on complement C3 and receptors CD21 and CD35.  Antigen recognition by antibody or pattern recognition receptors such as the C-type lectins can activate complement resulting in covalent attachment of the third component (C3) to the antigen.  Activated C3 provides a molecular tag that identifies the antigen as foreign.  C3-tagged antigens are transported to FDC via cells bearing complement receptors.  By a mechanism that is not clear, foreign antigens are retained in their native form and made available to cognate B cells over extensive periods.  Whether a similar pathway is involved in “presenting” self-antigen to immature B cells is not known. 

In summary, understanding how foreign antigens are made available to B cells at varying stages in their differentiation would be useful in the design of vaccines and programming of an optimal humoral response to specific pathogens.  Similarly, disrupting B cell access to self-antigen would be desirable in tuning-down the humoral response in autoimmunity.

Research Background

Michael Carroll received his Ph.D. in Immunology from the UT Southwestern Medical School (Dallas, TX) under the direction of Dr. J. Donald Capra in 1980; subsequently he trained with Dr. Rodney R. Porter in the Biochemistry Department, Oxford U (Oxford UK). In 1985, he was appointed an Assistant Professor in Pediatrics and the Department of Biological Chemistry at the Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School. He was promoted in 1998 to the rank of Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Senior Investigator, Boston Children's Hospital, Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

 

Publications

  1. Invasion of spontaneous germinal centers by naive B cells is rapid and persistent. Sci Immunol. 2024 Mar 22; 9(93):eadi8150. View Abstract
  2. T cell help shapes B cell tolerance. Sci Immunol. 2024 Feb 16; 9(92):eadj7029. View Abstract
  3. Lupus-associated innate receptors drive extrafollicular evolution of autoreactive B cells. bioRxiv. 2024 Jan 09. View Abstract
  4. Corrigendum to 'Spatial enrichment of the type 1 interferon signature in the brain of a neuropsychiatric lupus murine model [Brain, Behav. Immun. (2023) 114, 511-522]. Brain Behav Immun. 2024 Feb; 116:419. View Abstract
  5. Antigen presentation by B cells enables epitope spreading across an MHC barrier. Nat Commun. 2023 10 31; 14(1):6941. View Abstract
  6. [WITHDRAWN] Spatial enrichment of the type 1 interferon signature in the brain of a neuropsychiatric lupus murine model. bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 06. View Abstract
  7. Spatial enrichment of the type 1 interferon signature in the brain of a neuropsychiatric lupus murine model. Brain Behav Immun. 2023 11; 114:511-522. View Abstract
  8. Complex subsets but redundant clonality after B cells egress from spontaneous germinal centers. Elife. 2023 06 21; 12. View Abstract
  9. T cell help in the autoreactive germinal center. Scand J Immunol. 2022 Jun; 95(6):e13192. View Abstract
  10. Lupus Susceptibility Loci Predispose Mice to Clonal Lymphocytic Responses and Myeloid Expansion. J Immunol. 2022 05 15; 208(10):2403-2424. View Abstract
  11. Author Correction: Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4. Nature. 2022 Jan; 601(7892):E4-E5. View Abstract
  12. Follicular T cells are clonally and transcriptionally distinct in B cell-driven mouse autoimmune disease. Nat Commun. 2021 11 18; 12(1):6687. View Abstract
  13. Neuropsychiatric disorders: An immunological perspective. Adv Immunol. 2021; 152:83-155. View Abstract
  14. Overexpression of schizophrenia susceptibility factor human complement C4A promotes excessive synaptic loss and behavioral changes in mice. Nat Neurosci. 2021 02; 24(2):214-224. View Abstract
  15. Complement C4A Regulates Autoreactive B Cells in Murine Lupus. Cell Rep. 2020 11 03; 33(5):108330. View Abstract
  16. An Ultrahigh-Affinity Complement C4b-Specific Nanobody Inhibits In Vivo Assembly of the Classical Pathway Proconvertase. J Immunol. 2020 09 15; 205(6):1678-1694. View Abstract
  17. Retraction Note: Microglia-dependent synapse loss in type I interferon-mediated lupus. Nature. 2020 02; 578(7793):177. View Abstract
  18. Implementing and Evaluating a Multihospital Standardized Opioid Curriculum for Surgical Providers. J Surg Educ. 2020 May - Jun; 77(3):621-626. View Abstract
  19. Follicular Dendritic Cells Modulate Germinal Center B Cell Diversity through Fc?RIIB. Cell Rep. 2019 11 26; 29(9):2745-2755.e4. View Abstract
  20. Mechanosensing by Peyer's patch stroma regulates lymphocyte migration and mucosal antibody responses. Nat Immunol. 2019 11; 20(11):1506-1516. View Abstract
  21. Protection against influenza infection requires early recognition by inflammatory dendritic cells through C-type lectin receptor SIGN-R1. Nat Microbiol. 2019 11; 4(11):1930-1940. View Abstract
  22. Publisher Correction: Landscape of B cell immunity and related immune evasion in human cancers. Nat Genet. 2019 Jun; 51(6):1068. View Abstract
  23. The Checkpoint Regulator SLAMF3 Preferentially Prevents Expansion of Auto-Reactive B Cells Generated by Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol. 2019; 10:831. View Abstract
  24. Autoreactivity profiles of influenza hemagglutinin broadly neutralizing antibodies. Sci Rep. 2019 03 05; 9(1):3492. View Abstract
  25. Landscape of B cell immunity and related immune evasion in human cancers. Nat Genet. 2019 03; 51(3):560-567. View Abstract
  26. FAP Delineates Heterogeneous and Functionally Divergent Stromal Cells in Immune-Excluded Breast Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res. 2018 12; 6(12):1472-1485. View Abstract
  27. Capturing change in clonal composition amongst single mouse germinal centers. Elife. 2018 08 01; 7. View Abstract
  28. Lymph node metastases can invade local blood vessels, exit the node, and colonize distant organs in mice. Science. 2018 03 23; 359(6382):1403-1407. View Abstract
  29. The Living Donor Lost Wages Trial: Study Rationale and Protocol. Curr Transplant Rep. 2018 Mar; 5(1):45-54. View Abstract
  30. B cell tolerance to epidermal ribonuclear-associated neo-autoantigen in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol. 2018 02; 191(2):151-165. View Abstract
  31. Vaccine adjuvant MF59 promotes the intranodal differentiation of antigen-loaded and activated monocyte-derived dendritic cells. PLoS One. 2017; 12(10):e0185843. View Abstract
  32. Targeting autoreactive germinal centers to curb autoimmunity. Oncotarget. 2017 Oct 31; 8(53):90624-90625. View Abstract
  33. IgH isotype-specific B cell receptor expression influences B cell fate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 10 03; 114(40):E8411-E8420. View Abstract
  34. Clonal Evolution of Autoreactive Germinal Centers. Cell. 2017 Aug 24; 170(5):913-926.e19. View Abstract
  35. Complement System in Neural Synapse Elimination in Development and Disease. Adv Immunol. 2017; 135:53-79. View Abstract
  36. Untangling Fc and complement receptors to kill tumors. Nat Immunol. 2017 07 19; 18(8):874-875. View Abstract
  37. Microglia-dependent synapse loss in type I interferon-mediated lupus. Nature. 2017 06 22; 546(7659):539-543. View Abstract
  38. Macrophage Death following Influenza Vaccination Initiates the Inflammatory Response that Promotes Dendritic Cell Function in the Draining Lymph Node. Cell Rep. 2017 03 07; 18(10):2427-2440. View Abstract
  39. Follicular Dendritic Cell Activation by TLR Ligands Promotes Autoreactive B Cell Responses. Immunity. 2017 01 17; 46(1):106-119. View Abstract
  40. Follicular Dendritic Cell Isolation and Loading of Immune Complexes. Methods Mol Biol. 2017; 1623:105-112. View Abstract
  41. Antigen Presentation to B Cells. Trends Immunol. 2016 12; 37(12):844-854. View Abstract
  42. The Role of Dendritic Cells in S. pneumoniae Transport to Follicular Dendritic Cells. Cell Rep. 2016 09 20; 16(12):3130-3137. View Abstract
  43. Cutting Edge: Marginal Zone Macrophages Regulate Antigen Transport by B Cells to the Follicle in the Spleen via CD21. J Immunol. 2016 09 15; 197(6):2063-8. View Abstract
  44. Prevention of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in humanized mice. Surgery. 2016 08; 160(2):436-42. View Abstract
  45. Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4. Nature. 2016 Feb 11; 530(7589):177-83. View Abstract
  46. Natural IgM Blockade Limits Infarct Expansion and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in a Swine Myocardial Infarct Model. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2016 Jan; 9(1):e002547. View Abstract
  47. Determining peripheral skin temperature: subjective versus objective measurements. Acta Paediatr. 2016 Mar; 105(3):e126-31. View Abstract
  48. Modeling Lymph Flow and Fluid Exchange with Blood Vessels in Lymph Nodes. Lymphat Res Biol. 2015 Dec; 13(4):234-47. View Abstract
  49. Follicular Dendritic Cells Retain Infectious HIV in Cycling Endosomes. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Dec; 11(12):e1005285. View Abstract
  50. Nomenclature of Toso, Fas apoptosis inhibitory molecule 3, and IgM FcR. J Immunol. 2015 May 01; 194(9):4055-7. View Abstract
  51. RNA interference screening identifies a novel role for PCTK1/CDK16 in medulloblastoma with c-Myc amplification. Oncotarget. 2015 Jan 01; 6(1):116-29. View Abstract
  52. The CLEC-2-podoplanin axis controls the contractility of fibroblastic reticular cells and lymph node microarchitecture. Nat Immunol. 2015 Jan; 16(1):75-84. View Abstract
  53. L-Rhamnose-containing supramolecular nanofibrils as potential immunosuppressive materials. Org Biomol Chem. 2014 Sep 21; 12(35):6816-9. View Abstract
  54. B cell homeostasis and follicle confines are governed by fibroblastic reticular cells. Nat Immunol. 2014 Oct; 15(10):973-81. View Abstract
  55. Trans-nodal migration of resident dendritic cells into medullary interfollicular regions initiates immunity to influenza vaccine. J Exp Med. 2014 Jul 28; 211(8):1611-21. View Abstract
  56. Follicular dendritic cells: dynamic antigen libraries. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014 Jul; 14(7):495-504. View Abstract
  57. B cells regulate CD4+ T cell responses to papain following B cell receptor-independent papain uptake. J Immunol. 2014 Jul 15; 193(2):529-39. View Abstract
  58. Do follicular dendritic cells regulate lupus-specific B cells? Mol Immunol. 2014 Dec; 62(2):283-8. View Abstract
  59. Novel methods for accurate identification, isolation, and genomic analysis of symptomatic microenvironments in atherosclerotic arteries. Methods Mol Biol. 2014; 1135:289-305. View Abstract
  60. Contextual analysis of immunological response through whole-organ fluorescent imaging. Lymphat Res Biol. 2013 Sep; 11(3):121-7. View Abstract
  61. Bacteria activate sensory neurons that modulate pain and inflammation. Nature. 2013 Sep 05; 501(7465):52-7. View Abstract
  62. A neurodegeneration-specific gene-expression signature of acutely isolated microglia from an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. Cell Rep. 2013 Jul 25; 4(2):385-401. View Abstract
  63. Complement C4 maintains peripheral B-cell tolerance in a myeloid cell dependent manner. Eur J Immunol. 2013 Sep; 43(9):2441-2450. View Abstract
  64. Endocytosis and recycling of immune complexes by follicular dendritic cells enhances B cell antigen binding and activation. Immunity. 2013 Jun 27; 38(6):1164-75. View Abstract
  65. Cochlin produced by follicular dendritic cells promotes antibacterial innate immunity. Immunity. 2013 May 23; 38(5):1063-72. View Abstract
  66. Regulation of humoral immunity by complement. Immunity. 2012 Aug 24; 37(2):199-207. View Abstract
  67. Protective anti-inflammatory effect of ADAMTS13 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Blood. 2012 Dec 20; 120(26):5217-23. View Abstract
  68. Podoplanin-rich stromal networks induce dendritic cell motility via activation of the C-type lectin receptor CLEC-2. Immunity. 2012 Aug 24; 37(2):276-89. View Abstract
  69. SAP expression in invariant NKT cells is required for cognate help to support B-cell responses. Blood. 2012 Jul 05; 120(1):122-9. View Abstract
  70. Transcriptional profiling of stroma from inflamed and resting lymph nodes defines immunological hallmarks. Nat Immunol. 2012 Apr 01; 13(5):499-510. View Abstract
  71. Complement component C3 and complement receptor type 3 contribute to the phagocytosis and clearance of fibrillar Aß by microglia. Glia. 2012 May; 60(6):993-1003. View Abstract
  72. THE ROLE OF SPECIFIC IgG AND COMPLEMENT IN COMBATING A PRIMARY MUCOSAL INFECTION OF THE GUT EPITHELIUM. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2011 Dec; 1(4):311-318. View Abstract
  73. Th17 cells induce ectopic lymphoid follicles in central nervous system tissue inflammation. Immunity. 2011 Dec 23; 35(6):986-96. View Abstract
  74. Requirement for complement in antibody responses is not explained by the classic pathway activator IgM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Oct 25; 108(43):E934-42. View Abstract
  75. Trafficking of B cell antigen in lymph nodes. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011; 29:215-33. View Abstract
  76. Acquisition and presentation of follicular dendritic cell-bound antigen by lymph node-resident dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 2011 Jan 17; 208(1):135-48. View Abstract
  77. Complement-dependent transport of antigen into B cell follicles. J Immunol. 2010 Sep 01; 185(5):2659-64. View Abstract
  78. B cell subsets contribute to renal injury and renal protection after ischemia/reperfusion. J Immunol. 2010 Oct 01; 185(7):4393-400. View Abstract
  79. Blockade of self-reactive IgM significantly reduces injury in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 2010 Sep 01; 87(4):618-27. View Abstract
  80. Capture of influenza by medullary dendritic cells via SIGN-R1 is essential for humoral immunity in draining lymph nodes. Nat Immunol. 2010 May; 11(5):427-34. View Abstract
  81. The role of innate immunity in B cell acquisition of antigen within LNs. Adv Immunol. 2010; 106:1-19. View Abstract
  82. Activation of innate and humoral immunity in the peripheral nervous system of ALS transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 08; 106(49):20960-5. View Abstract
  83. Uncoupling CD21 and CD19 of the B-cell coreceptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 25; 106(34):14490-5. View Abstract
  84. Restoration of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in humanized immunodeficient mice. Surgery. 2009 Aug; 146(2):340-6. View Abstract
  85. B cell acquisition of antigen in vivo. Curr Opin Immunol. 2009 Jun; 21(3):251-7. View Abstract
  86. Conduits mediate transport of low-molecular-weight antigen to lymph node follicles. Immunity. 2009 Feb 20; 30(2):264-76. View Abstract
  87. Complement and humoral immunity. Vaccine. 2008 Dec 30; 26 Suppl 8:I28-33. View Abstract
  88. Complement and natural antibody are required in the long-term memory response to influenza virus. Vaccine. 2008 Dec 30; 26 Suppl 8:I86-93. View Abstract
  89. T lymphocytes potentiate endogenous neuroprotective inflammation in a mouse model of ALS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 18; 105(46):17913-8. View Abstract
  90. Human natural IgM can induce ischemia/reperfusion injury in a murine intestinal model. Mol Immunol. 2008 Sep; 45(15):4036-9. View Abstract
  91. Complement C3 deficiency leads to accelerated amyloid beta plaque deposition and neurodegeneration and modulation of the microglia/macrophage phenotype in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. J Neurosci. 2008 Jun 18; 28(25):6333-41. View Abstract
  92. Evidence for non-traditional activation of complement factor C3 during murine liver regeneration. Mol Immunol. 2008 Jun; 45(11):3125-32. View Abstract
  93. Differential contribution of three activating IgG Fc receptors (FcgammaRI, FcgammaRIII, and FcgammaRIV) to IgG2a- and IgG2b-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia in mice. J Immunol. 2008 Feb 01; 180(3):1948-53. View Abstract
  94. Mannose binding lectin gene deficiency increases susceptibility to traumatic brain injury in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008 May; 28(5):1030-9. View Abstract
  95. Complement receptors CD21 and CD35 in humoral immunity. Immunol Rev. 2007 Oct; 219:157-66. View Abstract
  96. The presence of MOMA-2+ macrophages in the outer B cell zone and protection of the splenic micro-architecture from LPS-induced destruction depend on secreted IgM. Eur J Immunol. 2007 Oct; 37(10):2825-33. View Abstract
  97. Natural IgM-mediated innate autoimmunity: a new target for early intervention of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2007 Oct; 7(10):1575-82. View Abstract
  98. Circulating C3 is necessary and sufficient for induction of autoantibody-mediated arthritis in a mouse model. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Sep; 56(9):2968-74. View Abstract
  99. PTK787/ZK 222584, a small molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has modest activity in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Leuk Res. 2007 Jul; 31(7):891-7. View Abstract
  100. Atypical gout in the foot and ankle secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2007 May-Jun; 97(3):245-7. View Abstract
  101. Reduced tissue damage and improved recovery of motor function after traumatic brain injury in mice deficient in complement component C4. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007 Dec; 27(12):1954-64. View Abstract
  102. Innate response to self-antigen significantly exacerbates burn wound depth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 06; 104(10):3973-7. View Abstract
  103. Follicular exclusion of autoreactive B cells requires FcgammaRIIb. Int Immunol. 2007 Apr; 19(4):365-73. View Abstract
  104. Natural antibody and complement mediate neutralization of influenza virus in the absence of prior immunity. J Virol. 2007 Apr; 81(7):3487-94. View Abstract
  105. The differing roles of the classical and mannose-binding lectin complement pathways in the events following skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion. J Immunol. 2006 Dec 01; 177(11):8080-5. View Abstract
  106. Immunology: exposure of an executioner. Nature. 2006 Nov 09; 444(7116):159-60. View Abstract
  107. B-cell extrinsic CR1/CR2 promotes natural antibody production and tolerance induction of anti-alphaGAL-producing B-1 cells. Blood. 2007 Feb 15; 109(4):1773-81. View Abstract
  108. Activation of the lectin pathway by natural IgM in a model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Immunol. 2006 Oct 01; 177(7):4727-34. View Abstract
  109. Involvement of NFAT1 in B cell self-tolerance. J Immunol. 2006 Aug 01; 177(3):1510-5. View Abstract
  110. Alternative complement pathway activation is essential for inflammation and joint destruction in the passive transfer model of collagen-induced arthritis. J Immunol. 2006 Aug 01; 177(3):1904-12. View Abstract
  111. Natural antibody mediated innate autoimmune response. Mol Immunol. 2007 Jan; 44(1-3):103-10. View Abstract
  112. Optimal long-term humoral responses to replication-defective herpes simplex virus require CD21/CD35 complement receptor expression on stromal cells. J Virol. 2006 Jul; 80(14):7111-7. View Abstract
  113. The role of natural IgM in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2006 Jul; 41(1):62-7. View Abstract
  114. T cell-independent and T cell-dependent immunoglobulin G responses to polyomavirus infection are impaired in complement receptor 2-deficient mice. Virology. 2006 Aug 15; 352(1):52-60. View Abstract
  115. Factor B of the alternative complement pathway regulates development of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 23; 103(21):8084-9. View Abstract
  116. Emerging patterns in complement-mediated pathogen recognition. Cell. 2006 Apr 07; 125(1):29-32. View Abstract
  117. Transcriptional basis of lymphocyte tolerance. Immunol Rev. 2006 Apr; 210:105-19. View Abstract
  118. The complement component C3 plays a critical role in both Th1 and Th2 responses to antigen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Jun; 117(6):1455-61. View Abstract
  119. Attenuation of skeletal muscle reperfusion injury with intravenous 12 amino acid peptides that bind to pathogenic IgM. Surgery. 2006 Feb; 139(2):236-43. View Abstract
  120. Identification of the target self-antigens in reperfusion injury. J Exp Med. 2006 Jan 23; 203(1):141-52. View Abstract
  121. CD21/CD19 coreceptor signaling promotes B cell survival during primary immune responses. J Immunol. 2005 Sep 01; 175(5):2859-67. View Abstract
  122. Mast cell protease 5 mediates ischemia-reperfusion injury of mouse skeletal muscle. J Immunol. 2005 Jun 01; 174(11):7285-91. View Abstract
  123. Defective B cell responses in the absence of SH2D1A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Mar 29; 102(13):4819-23. View Abstract
  124. Innate autoimmunity. Adv Immunol. 2005; 86:137-57. View Abstract
  125. A role for NF-kappa B subunits p50 and p65 in the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced shock. J Immunol. 2004 Nov 01; 173(9):5786-93. View Abstract
  126. A critical role for Fc gamma RIIB in the induction of rheumatoid factors. J Immunol. 2004 Oct 01; 173(7):4724-8. View Abstract
  127. The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity. Nat Immunol. 2004 Oct; 5(10):981-6. View Abstract
  128. A protective role for innate immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Oct; 4(10):825-31. View Abstract
  129. Murine hindlimb reperfusion injury can be initiated by a self-reactive monoclonal IgM. Surgery. 2004 Aug; 136(2):401-6. View Abstract
  130. The complement system in B cell regulation. Mol Immunol. 2004 Jun; 41(2-3):141-6. View Abstract
  131. Identification of a specific self-reactive IgM antibody that initiates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 16; 101(11):3886-91. View Abstract
  132. Germinal center checkpoints in B cell tolerance in 3H9 transgenic mice. Int Immunol. 2004 Feb; 16(2):377-84. View Abstract
  133. B cell receptor signal strength determines B cell fate. Nat Immunol. 2004 Mar; 5(3):317-27. View Abstract
  134. T cell-independent somatic hypermutation in murine B cells with an immature phenotype. Immunity. 2004 Feb; 20(2):133-44. View Abstract
  135. Ischaemia-reperfusion is an event triggered by immune complexes and complement. Br J Surg. 2003 Dec; 90(12):1470-8. View Abstract
  136. Myeloid C3 determines induction of humoral responses to peripheral herpes simplex virus infection. J Immunol. 2003 Nov 15; 171(10):5363-71. View Abstract
  137. Critical role of the complement system in group B streptococcus-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha release. Infect Immun. 2003 Nov; 71(11):6344-53. View Abstract
  138. A role for complement in feedback enhancement of antibody responses by IgG3. J Exp Med. 2003 May 05; 197(9):1183-90. View Abstract
  139. F(ab)'2-mediated neutralization of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins: a novel effector function of immunoglobulins. Nat Med. 2003 Apr; 9(4):431-8. View Abstract
  140. Impaired antibody response to group B streptococcal type III capsular polysaccharide in C3- and complement receptor 2-deficient mice. J Immunol. 2003 Jan 01; 170(1):84-90. View Abstract
  141. Lack of C3 affects Th2 response development and the sequelae of chemotherapy in schistosomiasis. J Immunol. 2003 Jan 01; 170(1):470-6. View Abstract
  142. The role of complement and natural antibody in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2003 Jan-Apr; 16(1):1-8. View Abstract
  143. Functional activity of natural antibody is altered in Cr2-deficient mice. J Immunol. 2002 Nov 15; 169(10):5433-40. View Abstract
  144. Macrophage-derived complement component C4 can restore humoral immunity in C4-deficient mice. J Immunol. 2002 Nov 15; 169(10):5489-95. View Abstract
  145. B lymphocyte memory: role of stromal cell complement and FcgammaRIIB receptors. J Exp Med. 2002 Nov 04; 196(9):1189-99. View Abstract
  146. Anti-DNA autoreactivity in C4-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol. 2002 Sep; 32(9):2672-9. View Abstract
  147. Lack of mannose-binding lectin-A enhances survival in a mouse model of acute septic peritonitis. Microbes Infect. 2002 Jul; 4(8):773-84. View Abstract
  148. Influence of C3 deficiency on atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002 Jun 25; 105(25):3025-31. View Abstract
  149. Redundant and alternative roles for activating Fc receptors and complement in an antibody-dependent model of autoimmune vitiligo. Immunity. 2002 Jun; 16(6):861-8. View Abstract
  150. Immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans protect mice deficient in complement component C3. Infect Immun. 2002 May; 70(5):2598-604. View Abstract
  151. Complement component C3 promotes T-cell priming and lung migration to control acute influenza virus infection. Nat Med. 2002 Apr; 8(4):373-8. View Abstract
  152. Complement activation selectively potentiates the pathogenicity of the IgG2b and IgG3 isotypes of a high affinity anti-erythrocyte autoantibody. J Exp Med. 2002 Mar 18; 195(6):665-72. View Abstract
  153. Measurement of B --> K*gamma branching fractions and charge asymmetries. Phys Rev Lett. 2002 Mar 11; 88(10):101805. View Abstract
  154. Complement C4 is protective for lupus disease independent of C3. J Immunol. 2002 Feb 01; 168(3):1036-41. View Abstract
  155. Arthritis critically dependent on innate immune system players. Immunity. 2002 Feb; 16(2):157-68. View Abstract
  156. The TEL/PDGFbetaR fusion in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia signals through STAT5-dependent and STAT5-independent pathways. Blood. 2001 Dec 01; 98(12):3390-7. View Abstract
  157. Innate immunity in the etiopathology of autoimmunity. Nat Immunol. 2001 Dec; 2(12):1089-90. View Abstract
  158. Evidence of a role for C4 in modulating interstitial inflammation in experimental glomerulonephritis. Clin Immunol. 2001 Dec; 101(3):366-70. View Abstract
  159. Search for the decay B0-->gammagamma. Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Dec 10; 87(24):241803. View Abstract
  160. Complement activation in factor D-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 04; 98(25):14577-82. View Abstract
  161. Measurement of the B--> J/psiK*(892) decay amplitudes. Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Dec 10; 87(24):241801. View Abstract
  162. Measurements of the branching fractions of exclusive charmless B meson decays with eta(') or omega mesons. Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Nov 26; 87(22):221802. View Abstract
  163. Measurement of the B(0) and B(+) meson lifetimes with fully reconstructed hadronic final states. Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Nov 12; 87(20):201803. View Abstract
  164. The allogeneic T and B cell response is strongly dependent on complement components C3 and C4. Transplantation. 2001 Oct 15; 72(7):1310-8. View Abstract
  165. Measurement of J/psi production in continuum e(+)e(-) annihilations near square root of s = 10.6 GeV. Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Oct 15; 87(16):162002. View Abstract
  166. Measurement of branching fractions and search for CP-violating charge asymmetries in charmless two-body B decays into pions and kaons. Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Oct 08; 87(15):151802. View Abstract
  167. Measurement of the decays B--> phiK and B--> phiK*. Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Oct 08; 87(15):151801. View Abstract
  168. Cutting edge: myeloid complement C3 enhances the humoral response to peripheral viral infection. J Immunol. 2001 Sep 01; 167(5):2446-51. View Abstract
  169. Observation of CP violation in the B(0) meson system. Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Aug 27; 87(9):091801. View Abstract
  170. Complement is essential for protection by an IgM and an IgG3 monoclonal antibody against experimental, hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. J Immunol. 2001 Aug 01; 167(3):1550-7. View Abstract
  171. Distinct tissue site-specific requirements of mast cells and complement components C3/C5a receptor in IgG immune complex-induced injury of skin and lung. J Immunol. 2001 Jul 15; 167(2):1022-7. View Abstract
  172. The follicular versus marginal zone B lymphocyte cell fate decision is regulated by Aiolos, Btk, and CD21. Immunity. 2001 May; 14(5):603-15. View Abstract
  173. The role of complement in inflammation and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev. 2001 Apr; 180:5-15. View Abstract
  174. Complement facilitates early prion pathogenesis. Nat Med. 2001 Apr; 7(4):488-92. View Abstract
  175. Measurement of CP-violating asymmetries in B0 decays to CP eigenstates. Phys Rev Lett. 2001 Mar 19; 86(12):2515-22. View Abstract
  176. A role for CD21/CD35 and CD19 in responses to acute septic peritonitis: a potential mechanism for mast cell activation. J Immunol. 2000 Dec 15; 165(12):6915-21. View Abstract
  177. Complement is activated in kidney by endotoxin but does not cause the ensuing acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 2000 Oct; 58(4):1580-7. View Abstract
  178. A hierarchical role for classical pathway complement proteins in the clearance of apoptotic cells in vivo. J Exp Med. 2000 Aug 07; 192(3):359-66. View Abstract
  179. Humoral immune responses in Cr2-/- mice: enhanced affinity maturation but impaired antibody persistence. J Immunol. 2000 May 01; 164(9):4522-32. View Abstract
  180. TEL/PDGFbetaR fusion protein activates STAT1 and STAT5: a common mechanism for transformation by tyrosine kinase fusion proteins. Exp Hematol. 2000 May; 28(5):584-93. View Abstract
  181. Mouse complement components C4 and Slp act synergistically in a homologous hemolytic C4 assay. Eur J Immunol. 2000 May; 30(5):1507-11. View Abstract
  182. A protective role for innate immunity in autoimmune disease. Clin Immunol. 2000 Apr; 95(1 Pt 2):S30-8. View Abstract
  183. Immunization with a modified vaccinia virus expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag-Pol primes for an anamnestic Gag-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response and is associated with reduction of viremia after SIV challenge. J Virol. 2000 Mar; 74(6):2502-9. View Abstract
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  192. Molecular and functional characteristics of a protective human monoclonal antibody to serotype 8 Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide. Infect Immun. 1999 Aug; 67(8):4119-27. View Abstract
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  194. SAP-less chromatin triggers systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Med. 1999 Jun; 5(6):607-8. View Abstract
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  201. Evidence for an important interaction between a complement-derived CD21 ligand on follicular dendritic cells and CD21 on B cells in the initiation of IgG responses. J Immunol. 1998 Nov 01; 161(9):4549-54. View Abstract
  202. Acute nephrotoxic serum nephritis in complement knockout mice: relative roles of the classical and alternate pathways in neutrophil recruitment and proteinuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998 Nov; 13(11):2799-803. View Abstract
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  207. A small molecular weight factor in aqueous humor acts on C1q to prevent antibody-dependent complement activation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998 May; 39(6):989-95. View Abstract
  208. Dependence of germinal center B cells on expression of CD21/CD35 for survival. Science. 1998 Apr 24; 280(5363):582-5. View Abstract
  209. Activated complement component 3 (C3) is required for ultraviolet induction of immunosuppression and antigenic tolerance. J Exp Med. 1998 Apr 06; 187(7):1133-8. View Abstract
  210. Local synthesis of C3 within the splenic lymphoid compartment can reconstitute the impaired immune response in C3-deficient mice. J Immunol. 1998 Mar 15; 160(6):2619-25. View Abstract
  211. Linkages of innate and adaptive immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 1998 Feb; 10(1):36-40. View Abstract
  212. Immune complex glomerulonephritis in C4- and C3-deficient mice. Kidney Int. 1998 Feb; 53(2):320-30. View Abstract
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  217. Experimental murine acid aspiration injury is mediated by neutrophils and the alternative complement pathway. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997 Oct; 83(4):1090-5. View Abstract
  218. Sporozoites of Plasmodium yoelii infect mice with targeted deletions in ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 or complement components C3 and C4. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1997 Sep; 88(1-2):263-6. View Abstract
  219. A macrophage invasion mechanism of pathogenic mycobacteria. Science. 1997 Aug 22; 277(5329):1091-3. View Abstract
  220. Endotoxin shock in antibody-deficient mice: unraveling the role of natural antibody and complement in the clearance of lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol. 1997 Jul 15; 159(2):970-5. View Abstract
  221. Increased susceptibility to endotoxin shock in complement C3- and C4-deficient mice is corrected by C1 inhibitor replacement. J Immunol. 1997 Jul 15; 159(2):976-82. View Abstract
  222. Receptors that induce erythroid differentiation of Ba/F3 cells: structural requirements and effect on STAT5 binding. Blood. 1997 May 01; 89(9):3175-85. View Abstract
  223. Complement and the immune response. Curr Opin Immunol. 1997 Feb; 9(1):64-9. View Abstract
  224. The TEL/platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor (PDGF beta R) fusion in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is a transforming protein that self-associates and activates PDGF beta R kinase-dependent signaling pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Dec 10; 93(25):14845-50. View Abstract
  225. The route of antigen entry determines the requirement for L-selectin during immune responses. J Exp Med. 1996 Dec 01; 184(6):2341-51. View Abstract
  226. Immunoglobulin G-mediated inflammatory responses develop normally in complement-deficient mice. J Exp Med. 1996 Dec 01; 184(6):2385-92. View Abstract
  227. The TEL gene and human leukemia. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Aug 08; 1288(1):M7-10. View Abstract
  228. Regulation of the B cell response to T-dependent antigens by classical pathway complement. J Immunol. 1996 Jul 15; 157(2):549-56. View Abstract
  229. Reperfusion injury of ischemic skeletal muscle is mediated by natural antibody and complement. J Exp Med. 1996 May 01; 183(5):2343-8. View Abstract
  230. DUB-1, a deubiquitinating enzyme with growth-suppressing activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 16; 93(8):3275-9. View Abstract
  231. Antibody response to a T-dependent antigen requires B cell expression of complement receptors. J Exp Med. 1996 Apr 01; 183(4):1857-64. View Abstract
  232. Neutral endopeptidase modulates septic shock. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Mar 22; 780:156-63. View Abstract
  233. Disruption of the Cr2 locus results in a reduction in B-1a cells and in an impaired B cell response to T-dependent antigen. Immunity. 1996 Mar; 4(3):251-62. View Abstract
  234. Studies of group B streptococcal infection in mice deficient in complement component C3 or C4 demonstrate an essential role for complement in both innate and acquired immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 05; 92(25):11490-4. View Abstract
  235. Neutral endopeptidase modulation of septic shock. J Exp Med. 1995 Jun 01; 181(6):2271-5. View Abstract
  236. Structure and genetics of the partially duplicated gene RP located immediately upstream of the complement C4A and the C4B genes in the HLA class III region. Molecular cloning, exon-intron structure, composite retroposon, and breakpoint of gene duplication. J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 18; 269(11):8466-76. View Abstract
  237. The dichotomous size variation of human complement C4 genes is mediated by a novel family of endogenous retroviruses, which also establishes species-specific genomic patterns among Old World primates. Immunogenetics. 1994; 40(6):425-36. View Abstract
  238. Identification of a major binding site for complement C3 on the IgG1 heavy chain. J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 15; 268(8):5866-71. View Abstract
  239. A single arginine to tryptophan interchange at beta-chain residue 458 of human complement component C4 accounts for the defect in classical pathway C5 convertase activity of allotype C4A6. Implications for the location of a C5 binding site in C4. J Immunol. 1992 May 01; 148(9):2803-11. View Abstract
  240. Covalent binding of C3b to C4b within the classical complement pathway C5 convertase. Determination of amino acid residues involved in ester linkage formation. J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 25; 267(6):4171-6. View Abstract
  241. Structural differences between the two human complement C4 isotypes affect the humoral immune response. J Exp Med. 1992 Feb 01; 175(2):537-43. View Abstract
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  243. Substitution of a single amino acid (aspartic acid for histidine) converts the functional activity of human complement C4B to C4A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep; 87(17):6868-72. View Abstract
  244. Molecular characterization of sialophorin (CD43), the lymphocyte surface sialoglycoprotein defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Apr; 86(8):2819-23. View Abstract
  245. Organization of the genes encoding complement receptors type 1 and 2, decay-accelerating factor, and C4-binding protein in the RCA locus on human chromosome 1. J Exp Med. 1988 Apr 01; 167(4):1271-80. View Abstract
  246. Linkage map of the human major histocompatibility complex including the tumor necrosis factor genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec; 84(23):8535-9. View Abstract
  247. Heterogeneity in the structural basis of the human complement C4A null allele (C4A Q0) as revealed by HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. FEBS Lett. 1987 Jun 08; 217(1):65-8. View Abstract
  248. Molecular genetics of the fourth component of human complement. Fed Proc. 1987 May 15; 46(7):2457-62. View Abstract
  249. DNA polymorphism of human HLA-linked complement C4 allotypes, including C4 null alleles, in the Finnish population. Hum Hered. 1987; 37(4):241-9. View Abstract
  250. Polymorphism and molecular genetics of human C4. Br Med Bull. 1987 Jan; 43(1):50-65. View Abstract
  251. Polymorphism of the human complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealing structural deletions, homoduplications, and size variants. J Clin Invest. 1986 Sep; 78(3):650-7. View Abstract
  252. Deletion of the steroid 21-hydroxylase and complement C4 genes in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Med Genet. 1986 Jun; 23(3):204-9. View Abstract
  253. The molecular genetics of components of complement. Adv Immunol. 1986; 38:203-44. View Abstract
  254. Molecular genetics of the fourth component of human complement. Biochem Soc Symp. 1986; 51:29-36. View Abstract
  255. Deletion of complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes in the HLA class III region. EMBO J. 1985 Oct; 4(10):2547-52. View Abstract
  256. Molecular genetics of the fourth component of human complement and steroid 21-hydroxylase. Immunol Rev. 1985 Oct; 87:39-60. View Abstract
  257. Polymorphism of human complement component C4. Immunogenetics. 1985; 21(2):173-80. View Abstract
  258. Mapping of steroid 21-hydroxylase genes adjacent to complement component C4 genes in HLA, the major histocompatibility complex in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan; 82(2):521-5. View Abstract
  259. Structure and organization of the C4 genes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1984 Sep 06; 306(1129):379-88. View Abstract
  260. The structural basis of the multiple forms of human complement component C4. Cell. 1984 Apr; 36(4):907-14. View Abstract
  261. A molecular map of the human major histocompatibility complex class III region linking complement genes C4, C2 and factor B. Nature. 1984 Jan 19-25; 307(5948):237-41. View Abstract
  262. Cloning of a human complement component C4 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan; 80(1):264-7. View Abstract
  263. Identification of H-2-controlled structural variants of the murine Slp protein and demonstration of cis-regulation of its expression. J Immunol. 1981 Mar; 126(3):995-7. View Abstract
  264. Structural studies on the murine fourth component of complement (C4). IV. Demonstration that C4 and Slp are encoded by separate loci. J Immunol. 1980 Apr; 124(4):1745-9. View Abstract

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