Research Overview

Dr. Orbach is heavily engaged in both clinical neurointerventional and basic/translational imaging research. Clinically, the national and international reputation of the Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventions Center, along with that of allied specialists in Neurosurgery, Neurointensive Care, Neurology, the Maternal Fetal Care Center, and the Vascular Anomalies Center, results in worldwide referrals and a high volume of patients with pediatric cerebrovascular conditions rarely seen elsewhere. Clinical research flows naturally, with rich opportunities for deepening our understanding of cerebrovascular disease and its relation to vascular development more broadly. Dr. Orbach and colleagues have pioneered team-wide approaches for managing the most challenging and complex cerebrovascular conditions in children, with the highest reported levels of clinical efficacy and safety.

A particular focus of Dr. Orbach’s clinical research in the recent past has been the development of a first-in-humans fetal transuterine intervention for vein of Galen malformation (VOGM). Boston Children’s is a major referral center for VOGM, both prenatally and postnatally, but even with expert management, a significant fraction of newborns with this condition face high levels of mortality and major neurological morbidity. Working with a multidisciplinary group at Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham & Women’s Hospital that had pioneered the development of in utero needle-guided interventions for major congenital cardiac anomalies, Dr. Orbach developed a novel approach for needle-guided access to the fetal brain to allow for embolization of the VOGM, with the goal of significantly reducing flow and improving outcomes in the newborns. The approach was tested in a fetal brain phantom developed by the Boston Children’s Simulations Program, and FDA and IRB approval were obtained for a formal clinical trial of this approach. Recruitment is actively underway.

On the basic research front, Dr. Orbach heads a neurovascular imaging research group, consisting of colleagues with expertise in MRI physics, neuroradiology, neurosurgery, and neurology. The focus of the group is on developing new MRI-based techniques for assessing and quantitating the characteristics of blood flow to the brain in children and fetuses, including flow velocity in particular vessels, brain tissue perfusion, and other characteristics. Much of the basic cerebrovascular physiology in the developing fetus and in very young children has not been previously elucidated, and it is hoped that this research will illuminate both the expected developmental pathway as well as how the system goes awry in illness.

Finally, in addition to cerebrovascular research, Dr. Orbach has had a long-standing interest in brain function, mediated by electrical discharges. For the past several years, he has worked in collaboration with the synthetic neurobiology group at the McGovern Institute at MIT to develop “vascular neural interfaces” (VNI) – tiny implants deployed by catheters within the cerebral arterial tree that are capable of wirelessly recording and stimulating electrical activity from adjacent brain regions. While there are numerous potential clinical uses for such devices, current research is focused on the use of VNI as tools for basic neuroscience inquiry, with the goal of measuring electrical discharges from deep locations in the brain without invasive electrodes penetrating the brain tissue itself.

Research Background

Dr. Darren Orbach graduated from Princeton University and then went on to an MD-PhD program at Cornell Medical School and Rockefeller University. He completed a combined clinical training program in neurology, radiology, and diagnostic & interventional neuroradiology at NYU Medical Center. Moving to Boston in 2006, he joined the departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery at Brigham and Women’s Hospital as a neurointerventionalist, covering pediatric cases at Boston Children's Hospital as well. In 2009, he moved to Boston Children's full-time as a neurointerventionalist, served as Division Chief of Interventional Radiology from 2010-2017, and has been Co-Director of the Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventions Center at BCH since 2014.

Education

Undergraduate School

Princeton University
1989 Princeton NJ US

Graduate School

The Rockefeller University
New York NY US

Medical School

Cornell University Medical College ,
1998 New York NY US

Internship

NYU Medical Center
1999 New York NY US

Residency

NYU Medical Center
1999 New York NY US

Fellowship

Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology NYU Medical Center
2005 New York NY US

Fellowship

Neurointerventional Radiology NYU Medical Center
2006 New York NY US

Media

Caregiver Profile

Meet Dr. Darren Orbach

Publications

  1. Comparing stand-alone endovascular embolization versus stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations with Spetzler-Martin grades I-III: a propensity score matched study. J Neurointerv Surg. 2025 Jan 27. View Abstract
  2. Low-profile mechanical thrombectomy devices for large vessel occlusion in pediatric ischemic stroke. J Neurointerv Surg. 2025 Jan 25. View Abstract
  3. Infantile dural arteriovenous fistula: a reconsideration. J Neurointerv Surg. 2025 Jan 17; 17(2):200-204. View Abstract
  4. A comparative analysis of microsurgical resection versus stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin grade III arteriovenous malformations: A multicenter propensity score matched study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2024 Dec 03; 249:108669. View Abstract
  5. Symptoms Do Not Predict White Matter Injury in the Watershed Regions in Children with Moyamoya. J Pediatr. 2025 Jan; 276:114372. View Abstract
  6. Comparing Vascular Morphology and Hemodynamics in Patients with Vein of Galen Malformations Using Intracranial 4D Flow MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2024 Oct 03; 45(10):1586-1592. View Abstract
  7. Cerebrovascular Anomalies in the Fetus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2024 Sep 19. View Abstract
  8. Introduction: Neurovascular Diseases across the Pediatric Age Spectrum. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2024 Nov; 34(4):481-490. View Abstract
  9. Prenatal treatment of a vein of Galen malformation by embolization and 1-year follow-up. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024 03; 230(3):372-374. View Abstract
  10. Management of Choroid Plexus Tumors and the Benefit of Preoperative Embolization in Pediatric Patients: Report of 46 Cases from a Single Institution. World Neurosurg. 2024 01; 181:e1071-e1087. View Abstract
  11. Mutation of key signaling regulators of cerebrovascular development in vein of Galen malformations. Nat Commun. 2023 11 17; 14(1):7452. View Abstract
  12. Posterior cerebral territory ischemia in pediatric moyamoya: Surgical techniques and long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes. Childs Nerv Syst. 2024 Mar; 40(3):791-800. View Abstract
  13. Editorial: Vein of galen malformation: a scientific and clinical journey targeting the best outcome. Front Pediatr. 2023; 11:1323889. View Abstract
  14. Direct Transverse Sinus Puncture for Transvenous Coil Embolization of Vein of Galen Malformations: Innovating Existing Techniques. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2023 Dec 01; 25(6):e352-e358. View Abstract
  15. Understanding development of jugular bulb stenosis in vein of galen malformations: identifying metrics of complex flow dynamics in the cerebral venous vasculature of infants. Front Physiol. 2023; 14:1113034. View Abstract
  16. World federation of interventional and therapeutic neuroradiology (WFITN) federation assembly neurointerventional surgery safety checklist. Interv Neuroradiol. 2023 May 04; 15910199231174550. View Abstract
  17. Transuterine Ultrasound-Guided Fetal Embolization of Vein of Galen Malformation, Eliminating Postnatal Pathophysiology. Stroke. 2023 06; 54(6):e231-e232. View Abstract
  18. World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (WFITN) Federation Assembly neurointerventional surgery safety checklist. J Neurointerv Surg. 2023 Jul; 15(7):623-628. View Abstract
  19. Neurosurgical outcomes of pediatric cerebral venous sinus thrombosis following acute mastoiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2023 07 01; 32(1):60-68. View Abstract
  20. Heart Failure Following Sinus Venosus Defect Closure in a Patient With Vein of Galen Malformation. JACC Case Rep. 2023 May 17; 14:101831. View Abstract
  21. Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants and Children with Vein of Galen Malformation and Association with Clinical Outcomes. J Pediatr. 2023 07; 258:113404. View Abstract
  22. Genetic dysregulation of an endothelial Ras signaling network in vein of Galen malformations. bioRxiv. 2023 Mar 21. View Abstract
  23. Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Demonstrates White Matter Alterations in Watershed Regions in Children With Moyamoya Without Stroke or Silent Infarct. Pediatr Neurol. 2023 06; 143:89-94. View Abstract
  24. Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Angiography Versus Catheter Angiography for Annual Follow-up of Pediatric Moyamoya Patients: A Cost Outcomes Analysis. Neurosurgery. 2023 06 01; 92(6):1243-1248. View Abstract
  25. Overcoming roadblocks in clinical innovation via high fidelity simulation: use of a phantom simulator to achieve FDA and IRB approval of a clinical trial of fetal embolization of vein of Galen malformations. J Neurointerv Surg. 2023 Dec; 15(12):1218-1223. View Abstract
  26. The case against endovascular thrombectomy in neonates with arterial ischemic stroke. Clin Neuroradiol. 2022 06; 32(2):581-582. View Abstract
  27. Percutaneous transuterine fetal cerebral embolisation to treat vein of Galen malformations at risk of urgent neonatal decompensation: study protocol for a clinical trial of safety and feasibility. BMJ Open. 2022 05 24; 12(5):e058147. View Abstract
  28. Standard umbilical artery catheters used as diagnostic and neurointerventional guide catheters in the treatment of neonatal cerebrovascular malformations. J Neurointerv Surg. 2023 Apr; 15(4):375-379. View Abstract
  29. Cerebrospinal fluid leak in epidural venous malformations and blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022 Sep 01; 37(3):439-445. View Abstract
  30. Ivy sign: a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for pediatric moyamoya. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2022 04 01; 29(4):458-466. View Abstract
  31. Intracranial venous malformation masquerading as a meningioma in PI3KCA-related overgrowth spectrum disorder. Am J Med Genet A. 2022 03; 188(3):907-910. View Abstract
  32. Low profile sheaths in pediatric neurointervention: a multicenter experience. J Neurointerv Surg. 2022 Nov; 14(11):1135-1138. View Abstract
  33. DIAPH1 Variants in Non-East Asian Patients With Sporadic Moyamoya Disease. JAMA Neurol. 2021 08 01; 78(8):993-1003. View Abstract
  34. Long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes after pial pericranial dural revascularization: a hybrid surgical technique for treatment of anterior cerebral territory ischemia in pediatric moyamoya disease. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2021 09 01; 28(3):351-359. View Abstract
  35. Endovascular Intervention for Refractory Pediatric Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Pediatr Neurol. 2021 08; 121:45-50. View Abstract
  36. Pediatric diagnostic cerebral angiography: practice recommendations from the SNIS Pediatric Committee. J Neurointerv Surg. 2021 Aug; 13(8):762-766. View Abstract
  37. Non-invasive Urinary Biomarkers in Moyamoya Disease. Front Neurol. 2021; 12:661952. View Abstract
  38. Contemporary Management of Vascular Anomalies of the Head and Neck-Part 1: Vascular Malformations: A Review. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021 02 01; 147(2):197-206. View Abstract
  39. Intra-arterial chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2021 05; 38(4):391-396. View Abstract
  40. Vein of Galen Malformation. Neoreviews. 2020 10; 21(10):e678-e686. View Abstract
  41. Adverse effects of erenumab on cerebral proliferative angiopathy: A case report. Cephalalgia. 2021 01; 41(1):122-126. View Abstract
  42. Intracranial venous malformations: Incidence and characterization in a large pediatric cohort. Interv Neuroradiol. 2021 Feb; 27(1):6-15. View Abstract
  43. Congenital Disseminated Pyogenic Granuloma: Characterization of an Aggressive Multisystemic Disorder. J Pediatr. 2020 11; 226:157-166. View Abstract
  44. COVID-19 and neurointerventional service worldwide: a survey of the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT), the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), the Sociedad Iberolatinoamericana de Neuroradiologia Diagnostica y Terapeutica (SILAN), the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN), and the World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (WFITN). J Neurointerv Surg. 2020 Aug; 12(8):726-730. View Abstract
  45. Dysregulation of the EphrinB2-EphB4 ratio in pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro and functions as a novel noninvasive biomarker in patients. Exp Mol Med. 2020 04; 52(4):658-671. View Abstract
  46. Microsurgical Ligation of Residual Fistulous Arteriovenous Shunt From a Radicular Artery to a Thoracic Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019 Nov 01; 17(5):E206-E207. View Abstract
  47. Clinical status and evolution in moyamoya: which angiographic findings correlate? Brain Commun. 2019; 1(1):fcz029. View Abstract
  48. Survey of practice patterns and preparedness for endovascular therapy in acute pediatric stroke. Childs Nerv Syst. 2019 12; 35(12):2371-2378. View Abstract
  49. Multidisciplinary management of spinal aneurysmal bone cysts: A single-center experience. Interv Neuroradiol. 2019 Oct; 25(5):564-569. View Abstract
  50. Moyamoya syndrome and PHACE syndrome: clinical and radiographic characterization of the intracranial arteriopathy and response to surgical revascularization. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019 04 01; 23(4):493-497. View Abstract
  51. Reversible intracranial hypertension following treatment of an extracranial vascular malformation: case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019 03 01; 23(3):369-373. View Abstract
  52. Mutations in Chromatin Modifier and Ephrin Signaling Genes in Vein of Galen Malformation. Neuron. 2019 02 06; 101(3):429-443.e4. View Abstract
  53. Acute fatal hemorrhage from previously undiagnosed cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children: a single-center experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018 09; 22(3):244-250. View Abstract
  54. Human genetics and molecular mechanisms of vein of Galen malformation. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018 04; 21(4):367-374. View Abstract
  55. Multimodal treatment approach in a patient with multiple intracranial myxomatous aneurysms. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018 03; 21(3):315-321. View Abstract
  56. Imaging features and prognostic factors in fetal and postnatal torcular dural sinus malformations, part II: synthesis of the literature and patient management. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 May; 10(5):471-475. View Abstract
  57. Imaging features and prognostic factors in fetal and postnatal torcular dural sinus malformations, part I: review of experience at Boston Children's Hospital. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018 May; 10(5):467-470. View Abstract
  58. Segmental upper mid-basilar artery sacrifice in a child using a Micro Vascular Plug device for treatment of a basilar arteriovenous fistula compressing the brainstem. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017 10; 9(10):e37. View Abstract
  59. Malignant glomus tumors of the head and neck in children and adults: Evaluation and management. Laryngoscope. 2017 12; 127(12):2873-2882. View Abstract
  60. Segmental upper mid-basilar artery sacrifice in a child using a Micro Vascular Plug device for treatment of a basilar arteriovenous fistula compressing the brainstem. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Mar 09; 2017. View Abstract
  61. RF Heating of Gold Cup and Conductive Plastic Electrodes during Simultaneous EEG and MRI. Neurodiagn J. 2017; 57(1):69-83. View Abstract
  62. PHACE Syndrome: Consensus-Derived Diagnosis and Care Recommendations. J Pediatr. 2016 11; 178:24-33.e2. View Abstract
  63. Mechanical thrombectomy for pediatric acute ischemic stroke: review of the literature. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017 Aug; 9(8):732-737. View Abstract
  64. Considerations in Applying a New Stent Retriever in Pediatric Endovascular Cerebral Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2016; 51(5):263-8. View Abstract
  65. Direct neural current imaging in an intact cerebellum with magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage. 2016 05 15; 132:477-490. View Abstract
  66. Interventional neuroradiology in children: diagnostics and therapeutics. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2015 Dec; 27(6):700-5. View Abstract
  67. The natural history of cerebral cavernous malformations in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016 Feb; 17(2):123-128. View Abstract
  68. Pediatric central nervous system vascular malformations. Pediatr Radiol. 2015 Sep; 45 Suppl 3:S463-72. View Abstract
  69. Optimizing cerebrovascular surgical and endovascular procedures in children via personalized 3D printing. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015 Nov; 16(5):584-589. View Abstract
  70. Safety of neuroangiography and embolization in children: complication analysis of 697 consecutive procedures in 394 patients. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015 Oct; 16(4):432-8. View Abstract
  71. Lower vertebral-epidural spinal arteriovenous fistulas: a unique subtype of vertebrovertebral arteriovenous fistula, treatable with coil and Penumbra Occlusion Device embolization. J Neurointerv Surg. 2016 Jun; 8(6):643-7. View Abstract
  72. Intracranial aneurysms in the youngest patients: characteristics and treatment challenges. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2015; 50(1):18-25. View Abstract
  73. Retinoblastoma. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2015 Feb; 62(1):201-23. View Abstract
  74. Microsurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients: the Boston Children's Hospital experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015 Jan; 15(1):71-7. View Abstract
  75. Magnetic resonance imaging of ionic currents in solution: the effect of magnetohydrodynamic flow. Magn Reson Med. 2015 Oct; 74(4):1145-55. View Abstract
  76. Complications of intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma. Semin Ophthalmol. 2014 Sep-Nov; 29(5-6):429-33. View Abstract
  77. Blue toe syndrome: a complication of intra-arterial technique, not intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014 May; 132(5):654. View Abstract
  78. Transarterial embolization of mandibular arteriovenous malformations using ONYX. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014 Aug; 72(8):1504-10. View Abstract
  79. Neurointerventions in children: radiation exposure and its import. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014 Apr; 35(4):650-6. View Abstract
  80. Intra-arterial chemotherapy for group C retinoblastoma with adjacent high-flow infantile hemangioma. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2013 Sep-Oct; 44(5):490-2. View Abstract
  81. Re: The influence of angioarchitecture on management of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations. J Neurointerv Surg. 2016 Jun; 8(e1):e11-2. View Abstract
  82. Addressing challenges in 4 F and 5 F arterial access for neurointerventional procedures in infants and young children. J Neurointerv Surg. 2014 May; 6(4):308-13. View Abstract
  83. Incorporating reversible and irreversible transverse relaxation effects into Steady State Free Precession (SSFP) signal intensity expressions for fMRI considerations. Magn Reson Imaging. 2013 Apr; 31(3):346-52. View Abstract
  84. Imaging characteristics of cerebrovascular arteriopathy and stroke in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013 May; 34(5):1091-7. View Abstract
  85. Endovascular therapy in children with acute ischemic stroke: review and recommendations. Neurology. 2012 Sep 25; 79(13 Suppl 1):S158-64. View Abstract
  86. Cerebrofacial venous anomalies, sinus pericranii, ocular abnormalities and developmental delay. Interv Neuroradiol. 2012 Jun; 18(2):153-7. View Abstract
  87. Angioarchitectural features associated with hemorrhagic presentation in pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Neurointerv Surg. 2013 May; 5(3):191-5. View Abstract
  88. Dural arteriovenous fistulae in pediatric patients: associated conditions and treatment outcomes. J Neurointerv Surg. 2013 Jan 01; 5(1):6-9. View Abstract
  89. Pial arteriovenous fistulae in pediatric patients: associated syndromes and treatment outcome. J Neurointerv Surg. 2013 Jan 01; 5(1):10-4. View Abstract
  90. Long-term outcome of radiofrequency ablation for intraoral microcystic lymphatic malformation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Dec; 137(12):1247-50. View Abstract
  91. Increased vertebral artery tortuosity index is associated with adverse outcomes in children and young adults with connective tissue disorders. Circulation. 2011 Jul 26; 124(4):388-96. View Abstract
  92. Stretched and sheared microcatheter retained after onyx embolization of infantile myofibromatosis. Interv Neuroradiol. 2011 Jun; 17(2):261-6. View Abstract
  93. An empirical investigation of motion effects in eMRI of interictal epileptiform spikes. Magn Reson Imaging. 2011 Dec; 29(10):1401-9. View Abstract
  94. Trigeminocardiac reflex in a child during pre-Onyx DMSO injection for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma embolization. A case report. Interv Neuroradiol. 2011 Mar; 17(1):13-6. View Abstract
  95. Safety and clinical efficacy of Onyx for embolization of extracranial head and neck vascular anomalies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Jun-Jul; 32(6):1082-6. View Abstract
  96. Complex spinal-paraspinal fast-flow lesions in CLOVES syndrome: analysis of clinical and imaging findings in 6 patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011 Nov-Dec; 32(10):1812-7. View Abstract
  97. Management of arteriovenous malformations. Clin Plast Surg. 2011 Jan; 38(1):95-106. View Abstract
  98. Fast human brain magnetic resonance responses associated with epileptiform spikes. Magn Reson Med. 2010 Dec; 64(6):1728-38. View Abstract
  99. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and spinal arteriovenous malformations: an erroneous association. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010 Oct; 31(9):1608-12. View Abstract
  100. A novel association between RASA1 mutations and spinal arteriovenous anomalies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010 Apr; 31(4):775-9. View Abstract
  101. The use of Onyx for embolization of central nervous system arteriovenous lesions in pediatric patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010 Jan; 31(1):112-20. View Abstract
  102. Neurointerventional management of low-flow vascular malformations of the head and neck. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2009 May; 19(2):199-218. View Abstract
  103. Neurointerventional management of high-flow vascular malformations of the head and neck. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2009 May; 19(2):219-40, Table of Contents. View Abstract
  104. Infantile hemangiomas involving the neuraxis: clinical and imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009 May; 30(5):1005-13. View Abstract
  105. Arteriovenous shunting as a new feature of PHACES. Case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2009 Jan; 3(1):53-6. View Abstract
  106. Traumatic dissecting aneurysm at the vertebrobasilar junction in a 3-month-old infant: evaluation and treatment strategies. Case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2008 May; 1(5):415-9. View Abstract
  107. Re: Spinal epidural hemangiomas: various types of MR imaging features with histopathologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 May; 29(5):e31; author reply e32. View Abstract
  108. Comparing real-world advantages for the clinical neuroradiologist between a high field (3 T), a phased array (1.5 T) vs. a single-channel 1.5-T MR system. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006 Jul; 24(1):16-24. View Abstract
  109. Carotid artery stent implantation: evaluation with multi-detector row CT angiography and virtual angioscopy--initial experience. Radiology. 2006 Jan; 238(1):309-20. View Abstract
  110. Correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient with neuropsychological testing in temporal lobe epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005 Aug; 26(7):1832-9. View Abstract
  111. Isolated foot weakness caused by a parasagittal metastatic parotid adenocarcinoma. Neurol India. 2004 Jun; 52(2):286-7. View Abstract
  112. Surgical treatment of multifocal epilepsy involving eloquent cortex. Epilepsia. 2003 May; 44(5):718-23. View Abstract
  113. Psychogenic, nonepileptic seizures associated with video-EEG-verified sleep. Epilepsia. 2003 Jan; 44(1):64-8. View Abstract
  114. Multiple subpial transection for intractable partial epilepsy: an international meta-analysis. Epilepsia. 2002 Feb; 43(2):141-5. View Abstract

Contact Darren B. Orbach

Print Profile