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Research Overview

Dr. Krauss’s research and educational interests include methods for establishing trust with children, the pharmacologic management of acute pain and anxiety in children undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (procedural sedation), and the use of capnography for patient safety monitoring.

 

Research Background

Baruch Krauss received an MD from State University of New York at Stony Brook School of Medicine and a Master’s degree from Harvard Graduate School of Education. He completed residency training in family medicine (University of Washington-Swedish Hospital) and in pediatrics (Boston Children's Hospital), and a fellowship in pediatric emergency medicine (Boston Children's Hospital). Dr. Krauss has been on the faculty of the Division of Emergency Medicine since 1997. He was elected to the American Pediatric Society in 2010 and has received medical student teaching awards from Boston Children’s Hospital (2018) and Harvard Medical School (2019) for his curriculum on establishing trust with children.

 

Education

Medical School

SUNY Stony Brook School of Medicine
1983 Stony Brook NY

Residency

Boston Children's Hospital
1993 Boston MA

Fellowship

Boston Children's Hospital
1997 Boston MA

Publications

  1. Procedural sedation competencies: a review and multidisciplinary international consensus statement on knowledge, skills, training, and credentialing. Br J Anaesth. 2024 Sep 25. View Abstract
  2. Establishing trust with children. Eur J Pediatr. 2024 Oct; 183(10):4185-4193. View Abstract
  3. Effectiveness of pharmacological procedural sedation in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2024 Nov; 113(11):2363-2377. View Abstract
  4. Preprocedural Oxygenation and Procedural Oxygenation During Pediatric Procedural Sedation: Patterns of Use and Association With Interventions. Ann Emerg Med. 2024 Nov; 84(5):473-485. View Abstract
  5. Low-Order Mechanistic Models for Volumetric and Temporal Capnography: Development, Validation, and Application. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2023 09; 70(9):2710-2721. View Abstract
  6. Safety and Efficacy Associated With a Family-Centered Procedural Sedation Protocol for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder or Developmental Delay. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 05 01; 6(5):e2315974. View Abstract
  7. Eliminating pain disparities for children in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2023 Oct; 30(10):1075-1077. View Abstract
  8. Predictors of Laryngospasm During 276,832 Episodes of Pediatric Procedural Sedation. Ann Emerg Med. 2022 12; 80(6):485-496. View Abstract
  9. Does Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound Correlate With Reported Fasting Time? Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021 Dec 01; 37(12):e1265-e1269. View Abstract
  10. Correction to: Pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department: surveying the current European practice. Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Jun; 180(6):1815-1816. View Abstract
  11. Pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department: surveying the current European practice. Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Jun; 180(6):1799-1813. View Abstract
  12. The development of a Consensus Conference on Pediatric Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department in Italy: from here where to? Ital J Pediatr. 2020 May 01; 46(1):57. View Abstract
  13. An international multidisciplinary consensus statement on fasting before procedural sedation in adults and children. Anaesthesia. 2020 03; 75(3):374-385. View Abstract
  14. Unscheduled Procedural Sedation: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Practice Guideline. Ann Emerg Med. 2019 05; 73(5):e51-e65. View Abstract
  15. Clinical Practice Guideline for Emergency Department Procedural Sedation With Propofol: 2018 Update. Ann Emerg Med. 2019 05; 73(5):470-480. View Abstract
  16. Managing the Frightened Child. Ann Emerg Med. 2019 07; 74(1):30-35. View Abstract
  17. Prolonged central apnoea after intravenous morphine administration in a 12-year-old male with a UGT1A1 loss-of-function polymorphism. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 01; 85(1):258-262. View Abstract
  18. Reevaluating Fasting for Procedural Sedation. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 07 01; 172(7):622-623. View Abstract
  19. An Enhanced Mechanistic Model For Capnography, With Application To CHF-COPD Discrimination. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2018 Jul; 2018:5267-5272. View Abstract
  20. The Newest Threat to Emergency Department Procedural Sedation. Ann Emerg Med. 2018 08; 72(2):115-119. View Abstract
  21. Teaching pain recognition through art: the Ramsay-Caravaggio sedation scale. Ital J Pediatr. 2018 Jan 31; 44(1):20. View Abstract
  22. Emergency Department Pain Management in Children With Appendicitis in a Biethnic Population. Clin J Pain. 2017 Nov; 33(11):1014-1018. View Abstract
  23. Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls. Children (Basel). 2017 Sep 01; 4(9). View Abstract
  24. Statistical analysis of the age dependence of the normal capnogram. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2017 Jul; 2017:345-348. View Abstract
  25. Model-Based Estimation of Respiratory Parameters from Capnography, With Application to Diagnosing Obstructive Lung Disease. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2017 12; 64(12):2957-2967. View Abstract
  26. Pulmonary aspiration during procedural sedation: a comprehensive systematic review. Br J Anaesth. 2017 Mar 01; 118(3):344-354. View Abstract
  27. Characteristics of and Predictors for Apnea and Clinical Interventions During Procedural Sedation. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 11; 68(5):564-573. View Abstract
  28. Removal of Foreign Bodies from the Ear and Nose. N Engl J Med. 2016 07 14; 375(2):194. View Abstract
  29. In reply. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 05; 67(5):680. View Abstract
  30. VIDEOS IN CLINICAL MEDICINE. Managing Procedural Anxiety in Children. N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 21; 374(16):e19. View Abstract
  31. Procedural sedation and its place in paediatric emergency medicine. Emerg Med J. 2016 Aug; 33(8):525-6. View Abstract
  32. Ketamine and propofol sedation by emergency medicine specialists: mainstream or menace? Br J Anaesth. 2016 Apr; 116(4):449-51. View Abstract
  33. Target-Controlled Infusions Could Improve the Safety and Efficacy of Emergency Department Propofol Sedation. Anesth Analg. 2016 Jan; 122(1):283-4. View Abstract
  34. Model-based estimation of pulmonary compliance and resistance parameters from time-based capnography. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015 Aug; 2015:1687-90. View Abstract
  35. Clustering of capnogram features to track state transitions during procedural sedation. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015 Aug; 2015:1699-702. View Abstract
  36. The Numeric Scoring of Pain: This Practice Rates a Zero Out of Ten. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 05; 67(5):573-5. View Abstract
  37. Current concepts in management of pain in children in the emergency department. Lancet. 2016 Jan 02; 387(10013):83-92. View Abstract
  38. Appendicitis in children less than five years old: A challenge for the general practitioner. World J Clin Pediatr. 2015 May 08; 4(2):19-24. View Abstract
  39. "This may hurt": predictions in procedural disclosure may do harm. BMJ. 2015 Feb 06; 350:h649. View Abstract
  40. Ketofol for procedural sedation revisited: pro and con. Ann Emerg Med. 2015 May; 65(5):489-91. View Abstract
  41. Sick kids look sick. Ann Emerg Med. 2015 Jun; 65(6):633-5. View Abstract
  42. Ketamine and intracranial pressure: no contraindication except hydrocephalus. Ann Emerg Med. 2015 Jan; 65(1):52-4. View Abstract
  43. Premedication with midazolam for urethral catheterization of febrile infants. Eur J Emerg Med. 2014 Aug; 21(4):314-8. View Abstract
  44. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. N Engl J Med. 2014 07 03; 371(1):91. View Abstract
  45. Automated quantitative analysis of capnogram shape for COPD-normal and COPD-CHF classification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2014 Dec; 61(12):2882-90. View Abstract
  46. Videos in clinical medicine. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. N Engl J Med. 2014 Apr 10; 370(15):e23. View Abstract
  47. What's in a name?: removing the term nonanesthesiologists from the sedation dialogue. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2014 Apr; 30(4):288-9. View Abstract
  48. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen for bronchiolitis in a pediatric ward: a pilot study. Eur J Pediatr. 2013 Dec; 172(12):1649-56. View Abstract
  49. IgE-mediated food allergy in children. Lancet. 2013 Nov 16; 382(9905):1656-64. View Abstract
  50. Clinical implications of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of procedural sedation agents in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012 Apr; 24(2):225-32. View Abstract
  51. External laryngeal manipulation does not improve the intubation success rate by novice intubators in a manikin study. Am J Emerg Med. 2012 Nov; 30(9):2005-10. View Abstract
  52. Extremity fracture pain after emergency department reduction and casting: predictors of pain after discharge. Ann Emerg Med. 2012 Sep; 60(3):269-77. View Abstract
  53. Adverse event reporting tool to standardize the reporting and tracking of adverse events during procedural sedation: a consensus document from the World SIVA International Sedation Task Force. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Jan; 108(1):13-20. View Abstract
  54. Capnography in spontaneously breathing preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011 Sep; 46(9):896-902. View Abstract
  55. Who owns deep sedation? Ann Emerg Med. 2011 May; 57(5):470-4. View Abstract
  56. Videos in clinical medicine. Intraosseous catheter placement in children. N Engl J Med. 2011 Feb 24; 364(8):e14. View Abstract
  57. Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation: 2011 update. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 May; 57(5):449-61. View Abstract
  58. Ketofol for procedural sedation? Pro and con. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 May; 57(5):444-8. View Abstract
  59. The taming of ketamine-40 years later. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 Feb; 57(2):115-6. View Abstract
  60. Laryngospasm during emergency department ketamine sedation: a case-control study. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2010 Nov; 26(11):798-802. View Abstract
  61. Anticholinergics and ketamine sedation in children: a secondary analysis of atropine versus glycopyrrolate. Acad Emerg Med. 2010 Feb; 17(2):157-62. View Abstract
  62. Detection of carbon dioxide thresholds using low-flow sidestream capnography in ventilated preterm infants. Intensive Care Med. 2009 Nov; 35(11):1942-9. View Abstract
  63. Predictors of emesis and recovery agitation with emergency department ketamine sedation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis of 8,282 children. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Aug; 54(2):171-80.e1-4. View Abstract
  64. Procedural sedation and analgesia outcomes in children after discharge from the emergency department: ketamine versus fentanyl/midazolam. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Aug; 54(2):191-97.e1-4. View Abstract
  65. Predictors of airway and respiratory adverse events with ketamine sedation in the emergency department: an individual-patient data meta-analysis of 8,282 children. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Aug; 54(2):158-68.e1-4. View Abstract
  66. Consensus-based recommendations for standardizing terminology and reporting adverse events for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Apr; 53(4):426-435.e4. View Abstract
  67. Capnography: a valuable tool for airway management. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2008 Nov; 26(4):881-97, vii. View Abstract
  68. Barriers to propofol use in emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Oct; 52(4):392-8. View Abstract
  69. Supplemental oxygen during propofol sedation: yes or no? Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Jul; 52(1):9-10. View Abstract
  70. Training and credentialing in procedural sedation and analgesia in children: lessons from the United States model. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Jan; 18(1):30-5. View Abstract
  71. Changes in respiratory and hemodynamic parameters during low-dose propofol sedation in combination with regional anesthesia for herniorrhaphy and genitourinary surgery in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Oct; 17(10):934-41. View Abstract
  72. Procedural sedation and analgesia research: state of the art. Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Feb; 14(2):170-8. View Abstract
  73. Capnography for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 Aug; 50(2):172-81. View Abstract
  74. Should I give ketamine i.v. or i.m.? Ann Emerg Med. 2006 Nov; 48(5):613-4. View Abstract
  75. Fasting and emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: a consensus-based clinical practice advisory. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 Apr; 49(4):454-61. View Abstract
  76. End-tidal carbon dioxide as a measure of acidosis among children with gastroenteritis. Pediatrics. 2006 Jul; 118(1):260-7. View Abstract
  77. 15-second triage tool. The use of capnography for the rapid assessment & triage of critically injured patients & victims of chemical terrorism. JEMS. 2006 Jun; 31(6):60-2, 64-6, 68. View Abstract
  78. Recurrent episodes of intractable laryngospasm during dissociative sedation with intramuscular ketamine. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006 Apr; 22(4):247-9. View Abstract
  79. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Lancet. 2006 Mar 04; 367(9512):766-80. View Abstract
  80. Capnography as a rapid assessment and triage tool for chemical terrorism. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2005 Aug; 21(8):493-7. View Abstract
  81. Exhaled nitric oxide levels during acute asthma exacerbation. Acad Emerg Med. 2005 Jul; 12(7):579-86. View Abstract
  82. Replacing the outmoded term "nonanesthesiologist". Anesth Analg. 2005 Jun; 100(6):1862. View Abstract
  83. The effectiveness of out-of-hospital use of continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring on the rate of unrecognized misplaced intubation within a regional emergency medical services system. Ann Emerg Med. 2005 May; 45(5):497-503. View Abstract
  84. Capnogram shape in obstructive lung disease. Anesth Analg. 2005 Mar; 100(3):884-888. View Abstract
  85. Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Nov; 44(5):460-71. View Abstract
  86. Ketamine is a safe, effective, and appropriate technique for emergency department paediatric procedural sedation. Emerg Med J. 2004 May; 21(3):271-2. View Abstract
  87. Can the bispectral index monitor the sedation adequacy of intubated ED adults? Am J Emerg Med. 2004 Mar; 22(2):76-82. View Abstract
  88. Bispectral index monitoring quantifies depth of sedation during emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Feb; 43(2):247-55. View Abstract
  89. Can Bispectral Index Monitoring Quantify Depth of Sedation during Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Pediatric Emergency Department?. Ann Emerg Med. 2004; 43:247-255. View Abstract
  90. Propofol in emergency medicine: pushing the sedation frontier. Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Dec; 42(6):792-7. View Abstract
  91. Procedural Sedation and Analgesia. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. 2003. View Abstract
  92. Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Nov; 42(5):636-46. View Abstract
  93. Procedural sedation and analgesia for children in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2003 Feb; 21(1):121-39. View Abstract
  94. A study of the Bispectral Index Monitor during procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Feb; 41(2):234-41. View Abstract
  95. Ventilatory response during dissociative sedation in children-a pilot study. Acad Emerg Med. 2003 Feb; 10(2):140-5. View Abstract
  96. Can the bispectral index monitor quantify altered level of consciousness in emergency department patients? Acad Emerg Med. 2003 Feb; 10(2):175-9. View Abstract
  97. Capnography in EMS. A powerful way to objectively monitor ventilatory status. JEMS. 2003 Jan; 28(1):28-30, 32-8, 41. View Abstract
  98. Procedural Sedation. Wound Care Manual. 2002. View Abstract
  99. Carbon dioxide monitoring in emergency medicine training programs. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2002 Aug; 18(4):251-3. View Abstract
  100. Procedural sedation terminology: moving beyond "conscious sedation". Ann Emerg Med. 2002 Apr; 39(4):433-5. View Abstract
  101. Accuracy of a new low-flow sidestream capnography technology in newborns: a pilot study. J Perinatol. 2002 Apr-May; 22(3):219-25. View Abstract
  102. Pulmonary aspiration risk during emergency department procedural sedation--an examination of the role of fasting and sedation depth. Acad Emerg Med. 2002 Jan; 9(1):35-42. View Abstract
  103. Managing acute pain and anxiety in children undergoing procedures in the emergency department. Emerg Med (Fremantle). 2001 Sep; 13(3):293-304. View Abstract
  104. Management of acute pain and anxiety in children undergoing procedures in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2001 Apr; 17(2):115-22; quiz 123-5. View Abstract
  105. Continuous-flow nitrous oxide: searching for the ideal procedural anxiolytic for toddlers. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 Jan; 37(1):61-2. View Abstract
  106. The semantics of ketamine. Ann Emerg Med. 2000 Nov; 36(5):480-2. View Abstract
  107. Procedural Sedation and Analgesia: An Evolving Role for Respiratory Care Practitioners. Respiratory Therapy 2000;13:31-35. 2000. View Abstract
  108. Sedation and analgesia for procedures in children. N Engl J Med. 2000 Mar 30; 342(13):938-45. View Abstract
  109. Accuracy of capnography with a 30 foot nasal cannula for monitoring respiratory rate and end-tidal CO2 in children. J Clin Monit Comput. 2000; 16(4):259-62. View Abstract
  110. Adverse events of procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1999 Oct; 34(4 Pt 1):483-91. View Abstract
  111. Microstream capnograpy technology: a new approach to an old problem. J Clin Monit Comput. 1999 Aug; 15(6):403-9. View Abstract
  112. Pediatric Procedural Sedation and Analgesia. 1999. View Abstract
  113. Pediatric Sedation. Emergency Medicine. 1998. View Abstract
  114. Sedation patterns in pediatric and general community hospital emergency departments. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1998 Apr; 14(2):99-103. View Abstract
  115. Guidelines for Pediatric Procedural Sedation. 1998. View Abstract
  116. Conscious sedation roundtable: a collaborative practice model for problem solving in the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997 Apr; 23(2):153-5. View Abstract
  117. On turbulent times for emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med. 1995 Feb; 25(2):270-1. View Abstract
  118. General trauma in a pediatric emergency department: spectrum and consultation patterns. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1993 Jun; 9(3):134-8. View Abstract
  119. The spectrum and frequency of illness presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1991 Apr; 7(2):67-71. View Abstract
  120. Performance differences between addicts and non-addicts. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1977 May 09; 52(3):299-306. View Abstract

Contact Baruch Krauss